the craft
Directions:
Passage 1
Marianne Moore (1887 - 1972) once said that her writing could be called poetry only because there was no other name for it. Indeed her poems appear to be extremely compressed essays that happen to be printed in jagged lines on the page. Her subjectswere varied: animals, laborers, artists, and the craft of poetry. From her general reading came quotations that she found striking or insightful. She included these in her poems, scrupulously enclosed in quotation marks, and sometimes identified in footnotes. Of this practice, she wrote, " 'Why the many quotation marks?' I am asked... When a thing has been said so well that it could not be said better, why paraphrase it? Hence my writing is, if not a cabinet of fossils, a kind of collection of flies in amber." Close observation and concentration on detail are the methods of her poetry.
Marianne Moore grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri, near St. Louis. After graduation from Bryn Mawr College in 1909, she taught commercial subjects at the Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Later she became a librarian in New York City. During the 1920's she was editor of an important literary magazine of the period. She lived quietly all her life, mostly in Brooklyn, New York. She spent a lot of time at the Bronx Zoo, fascinated by animals. Her admiration of the Brooklyn Dodgers—before the team moved to Los Angeles—was widely known.
Her first book of poems was published in London in 1921 by a group of friends associated with the Imagist movement. From that time on her poetry has been read with interest by succeeding generations of poets and readers. In 1952 she was awarded the Pulizer Prize for her She wrote that she did not write poetry "for money or fame. To earn a living is needful, but it can be done in routine ways. One writes because one has a burning desire to objectify what it is indispensable to one's happiness to express..."
21. What is the passage mainly about?
A) The influence of the Imagists on Marianne Moore.
B) Essayists and poets of the 1920's.
C) The use of quotations in poetry.D) Marianne Moore's life and work.
22. Which of the following can be inferred about Moore's poems?
A)They are better known in Europe than the United States.
B)They do not use traditional verse forms.
C)They were all published in
D)They tend to be abstract.
23. According to the passage Moore wrote about all of the following EXCEPT _____.
A) artists B) animals
C) fossils D) workers
24. Where did Moore spend most of her adult life?
A) In Kirkwood. B) In Brooklyn.
C) In Los Angeles. D) In Carlisle.
25It can be inferred from the passage that Moore wrote because she _____.
A) wanted to win awards B) was dissatisfied with what others wrote
C) felt a need to express herself D) wanted to raise money for the Bronx Zoo
Passage 2
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish （小甜饼）. Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been （极少活动的）and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
26.What is said about the average American in the passage?
A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light” beer.
B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
C) They prefer “light” beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
A) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
27.Some people dislike exercise because ______.
A) they think it is physically exhausting
B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
C) they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome
28. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here”(Line 3, Para. 2) means “They ______”.
A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
C) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight
D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
29.What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center’s study?
A) Controlling one’s calories intake is more important than doing exercise.
B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
D) One could lose ten pounds in a year’s time if there’s no increase in food intake.
30.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.
Passage 1
短文大意：本文主要给我们讲述了一位女诗人Marianne Moore的生活及其作品。Marianne曾说她的作品之所以被称为“诗歌”，是因为没有其他的更好的名称了，因为她的作品就是印成诗歌形式的散文。她的作品以密切的观察和仔细的细节描写而著称。Marianne出生于密苏里州，1909毕业于Bryn Mawr大学后，在宾夕法尼亚州的印第安学校教书，接着到纽约市做了图书馆管理员。二十世纪二十年代间，她成为了一名编辑。她的一生主要生活在纽约市。1921年，她的第一本诗集在伦敦出版。1952年，她因作品《诗集》而获得了普利策奖。
21. 答案为D)。主旨题。通读全文，不难判断文章的中心思想是Marianne Moore的生活和作品，虽然其他3个选项在文章中也有提及，但没有详细说明。所以本题的正确答案是D）。
22. 答案为B)。推断题。文章第一段中指出“Marianne曾说她的作品只能被称为诗歌，是因为没有其它跟合适的称谓。的确，她的诗歌像简要概括的散文，只是碰巧在纸页上印成了长短不齐的一行行文字。”由此可以推断Marianne Moore的诗歌不使用传统的诗体形式。所以本题的正确答案是B）。
23. 答案为C)。细节题。文章的第一段第三句“Her subjects were varied: animals, laborers, artists, and craft of poety”（她的主题是变化多样的：动物、劳动者、艺术家和诗歌的艺术），在这里除了“fossils（化石）”没有出现外，其他3个选项均出现，其中workers是laborers的同义词，所以本题的正确答案是C）。
24. 答案为B)。细节题。文章的第二段中提到“She lived quietly all her life, mostly in Brooklyn, New York.”（她平静地度过了一生，大部分时间住在纽约的布鲁克林区）。虽然文章也曾提到其他3个选项，但Moore都没有在那些地方度过她的“adult life”，所以本题的正确答案是B）。
25. 答案为C)。推断题。文章的最后一句话说到：“One writes because one has a burning desire to objectify what it is indispensable to one’s happiness to express…”（一个人写作是因为他有一种强烈的愿望，去把表达某人快乐所必不可少的东西客观化、真实化……），由此可见本题的正确答案是C）。
短文大意：本文主要说明了锻炼与维持体重之间的关系。锻炼对于维持体重具有长期的效果，但是一般的美国人都忽视了这一点。人们往往注重节食，不注意锻炼。其实，如果不进行锻炼，减肥后的体重将会有很大的反弹。将饮食和锻炼结合起来，才能取得良好的效果。
26. 答案为B)。推断题。文章开篇指出锻炼对维持体重有长期效果，但是一般的美国人去没有能够注意到这一点，因此本题的正确答案是选项B）。原文只是提到人们饮用低度啤酒，食用低热量面包，并未说他们夸大其健康效果以及他们更喜欢这些饮料，选项A）和C）的内容情愿问没有提及，选项D）与原文内容相反。
27. 答案为A)。推断题。由题干中dislike找到原文中的线索词rejecting。此处举的例子是答案出处。一个小甜饼的热量，就要快走三英里才能消耗掉。看看卡路里与锻炼量对应表，要想减掉更多的热量，不知要卡走多少英里才够。正因为很累，所以人们看到那个对应表才会泄气。可以由此推断出一些人不喜欢锻炼，所以本题的正确答案是A）。
28. 答案为A)。细节题。甚至连锻炼专家都承认在这个问题上输了半分。抓住这里的here，此处指的仅仅是上面的小甜饼的例子，与对此例的评论即York先生的话相对应的选项是A）。difficult对应原文中的tough。
29. 答案为C)。推断题。原文地势那段第二句提到了博士大学医疗中心的研究，通过节食减了重的人如果没有锻炼体重就反弹，而进行锻炼的人则能维持新体重。说明不进行锻炼就不可能减轻体重，所以本题的正确答案C）。
30. 答案为D)。主旨题。文章主要讲锻炼的重要性，锻炼能够有效减轻减轻体重，所以本题的正确答案是D）。
资料来源：新大学英语四、六级考点透视丛书：四级阅读/李华田主编，武汉大学出版社，2006
